Brucella as a biological weapon
Brucella has traditionally been considered a biological weapon. It is a Cat 3 in the ACDP classification, as is still seen as a "potential agent" by politicians. Reasons for this are1:
- Airbourne transmission
- Propensity for chronic disease
- Treatment with multiple antibiotics
- Abundance around the world
- Vague clinical characteristics as well as lack of familiarity with this pathogen in Western Europe.
A deliberate release outbreak of brucellosis would obviously have profound environmental effects, their range depending on characteristics of the targeted area. Areas whose economy is largely based on animal productivity would suffer the most, due to massive loss of livestock and diminished trade in dairy products in the future. Even though the overall financial burden of health services would be lower than most other potential biological weapons, the long-term effect on the targeted region’s economy would be profound, more so when taking into account environmental pollution, which has the potential for secondary airborne community outbreaks.
The art of developing attack scenarios, and in that manner outlining problems that might emerge in a real-life situation, has been inadequately explored. This is particularly important since the same attack would have different outcomes in different targeted areas, depending on numerous characteristics. Even the public response would be different, depending on awareness, and endemicity. A traditional attack scenario projected minimal fatalities in a Brucella attack under ‘optimal’ circumstances. Yet when a similar scenario was transcribed in an endemic area, the projected outcome was far less morbid. In this latter scenario, an attack in an endemic city of 100,000 inhabitants would result in only two deaths, and the level of social disruption would be minimal, due to public awareness of the pathogen.
AMH.
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